Modern Vascular Flora
of the Dempsey Divide
Thurmond Ranch, Roger Mills County, Oklahoma
Alphabetized by Taxonomic Name
A total of 487 taxa have been recorded as of 12/01/2001. The collections and identifications have been made by Craig Freeman and Caleb Morse of the University of Kansas, R.L. McGregor Herbarium; Kelly Kindscher and Hillary Loring of the University of Kansas, Kansas Biological Survey; and Bruce Hoagland and Amy Buthod of the University of Oklahoma, Oklahoma Biological Survey.
Taxa marked with a plus sign (+) are not native to North America; there are 39 such Eurasian imports (8.0% of the total taxa). Another three species are native to the continent, but are believed to be deliberate 20th century local introductions. Thus 445 taxa, or 91.4%, appear to be native (with a few caveats below). The eight taxa marked with an asterisk (*) were collected not on the ranch, but immediately adjacent to it.
Regarding the Native American ethnobotany of the native plant species, parenthetical "c" = use as cleansing agent; "d" = use as dyeing agent; "e" = edible parts (or was used for broth, non-medicinal tea, or as spice); "f" = use for fiber; "m" = medicinal uses; "r" = ritual uses. Of the 487 total recorded taxa, 209, or 42.9%, are known useful plants. Excluding the 42 Historic era introduced taxa, that percentage rises to 47.0%.
Taxa are considered disjunct if the area of common occurrence for the taxon is 100 km or more away, and edge-of-range if within 100 km of the area of common occurrence for the taxon. Disjunct and edge-of-range taxa are identified in the table, and a textual summary of these plants is provided at the end of the table. Of the 445 native taxa, 23 (5.2%) are identified as disjunct, and 27 (6.1%) as edge-of-range. A few of the ethnographically documented useful disjunct species, such as Acorus calamus, Echinochloa muricata, v. muricata, and Menispermum canadense, may represent deliberate prehistoric introductions. Other disjuncts, such as Botrychium virginianum, Epilobium leptophyllum, and Rudbeckia subtomentosa, may be relict populations of marsh plants left over from the (on average) wetter continental climate of Late Pleistocene/Early Holocene times, having survived the Middle Holocene Altithermal drought around the basal Ogallala Formation springs. We know that certain terrestrial gastropod species, such as Gastrocopta armifera and Vertigo ovata, survived along the eastern Ogallala outcrop edge in a like manner (James L. Theler, University of Wisconsin at La Crosse, personal communication). And other disjuncts, like Aristida basiramea, Aristida purpurascens, v. purpurascens, and Opuntia imbricata, could be inadvertent Historic era introductions.
|
Genus |
Species |
Common Name |
|
Acacia |
angustissima, v. hirta |
prairie acacia (d) |
|
Acalypha |
ostryifolia |
rough pod copperleaf (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Acorus |
calamus |
sweetflag (e, m) (disjunct-SW of range) |
|
Aegilops |
cylindrica+ |
jointed goatgrass |
|
Agalinis |
aspera |
tall false foxglove (disjunct-S of range) |
|
Agrostis |
gigantea+ |
spreading redtop |
|
Allium |
canadense |
Canada wild onion (d, e, m) |
|
Allium |
drummondii |
Drummond's wild onion (d, e) |
|
Amaranthus |
albus |
tumbleweed amaranth |
|
Amaranthus |
arenicola |
sandhill pigweed |
|
Amaranthus |
blitoides |
prostrate pigweed (e) |
|
Amaranthus |
palmeri |
Palmer's pigweed |
|
Amaranthus |
retroflexus |
rough pigweed (e) |
|
Ambrosia |
psilostachya |
western ragweed (m) |
|
Ambrosia |
trifida |
giant ragweed (d, e) |
|
Ammannia |
coccinea |
purple toothcup |
|
Ammannia |
robusta |
grand toothcup |
|
Ammoselinum |
popei |
Plains sand parsley |
|
Amorpha |
canescens |
lead plant (e, m) |
|
Amorpha |
fruticosa |
bush wild indigo (bedding, mats, arrow shafts) |
|
Ampelopsis |
cordata |
raccoon grape (e, f) |
|
Amphiachyris |
dracunculoides |
prairie broomweed |
|
Andropogon |
gerardii |
big bluestem (m) |
|
Andropogon |
hallii |
sandhill bluestem |
|
Androsace |
occidentalis |
western rock jasmine |
|
Anemone |
berlandieri |
tenpetal thimbleweed |
|
Aphanostephus |
skirrhobasis, v. shirrhobasis |
parasol lazy daisy |
|
Apocynum |
cannabinum |
hemp dogbane (d, f, m, r) |
|
Argemone |
polyanthemos |
Plains prickly poppy (d, m) |
|
Argythamnia |
mercurialina, v. mercurialina* |
wild mercury |
|
Aristida |
basiramea |
forktip threeawn (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Aristida |
oligantha |
prairie threeawn |
|
Aristida |
purpurascens, v. purpurascens |
arrow feather threeawn (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Aristida |
purpurea, v. longiseta |
Fendler's threeawn |
|
Aristida |
purpurea, v. purpurea |
purple threeawn |
|
Aristida |
purpurea, v. wrightii |
Wright's threeawn |
|
Artemisia |
campestris |
western sagewort (m) |
|
Artemisia |
dracunculus |
silky wormwort (tarragon) |
|
Artemisia |
filifolia |
sand sagebrush (d, m) |
|
Artemisia |
ludoviciana, v. ludoviciana |
white sage (m, r) |
|
Asclepias |
asperula capricornu |
antelope horn milkweed (d, e, f) |
|
Asclepias |
engelmanniana |
Engelmann's milkweed (e, f) |
|
Asclepias |
latifolia |
broadleaf milkweed (d, e, f, m) |
|
Asclepias |
pumila* |
Plains milkweed (e, f) |
|
Asclepias |
stenophylla |
narrow-leaved milkweed (e, f, m) |
|
Asclepias |
tuberosa interior |
butterfly milkweed (e, f, m) |
|
Asclepias |
viridifolia |
green milkweed (d, e, f, m) |
|
Asclepias |
viridis |
spider milkweed (e, f, m) (W edge of range) |
|
Aster |
ericoides ericoides, v. ericoides |
heath aster (d, f, m) |
|
Aster |
falcatus commutatus |
white prairie aster |
|
Aster |
fendleri |
Fendler's aster |
|
Aster |
oblongifolius |
aromatic aster (r) |
|
Aster |
patens, v. patentissimus |
sky drop aster (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Aster |
subulatus, v. ligulatus |
saltmarsh aster (m) |
|
Astragalus |
crassicarpus, v. crassicarpus |
groundplum milkvetch (e) |
|
Astragalus |
gracilis |
slender milkvetch (m) |
|
Astragalus |
lotiflorus |
lotus milkvetch |
|
Astragalus |
missouriensis, v. missouriensis |
Missouri milkvetch |
|
Astragalus |
mollissimus, v. mollissimus |
woolly milkvetch |
|
Astragalus |
nuttallianus, v. austrinus |
small-flowered milkvetch |
|
Astragalus |
plattensis |
Platte River ground plum (e) |
|
Avena |
fatua+ |
wild oats |
|
Baccharis |
salicina |
willow baccharis (d) |
|
Baptisia |
australis, v. minor |
blue wild indigo (d, m) |
|
Baptisia |
bracteata, v. leucophaea |
yellow wild indigo (d, m) |
|
Bergia |
texana |
Texas bergia |
|
Berlandiera |
betonicifolia |
Texas green eyes |
|
Bidens |
bipinnatus |
Spanish needles (m) |
|
Bidens |
comosus |
leafy-bract beggarstick (SW edge of range) |
|
Bidens |
frondosus |
Devil's beggarstick |
|
Bothriochloa |
ischaemum, v. songaricus+ |
Turkestan bluestem |
|
Bothriochloa |
saccharoides torreyana |
silver bluestem |
|
Botrychium |
virginianum |
rattlesnake fern (disjunct-SW of range) |
|
Bouteloua |
curtipendula, v. curtipendula |
sideoats grama |
|
Bouteloua |
gracilis |
blue grama |
|
Bouteloua |
hirsuta, v. hirsuta |
hairy grama |
|
Brickellia |
eupatorioides, v. corymbulosa |
false boneset |
|
Bromus |
japonicus+ |
Japanese brome |
|
Bromus |
catharticus+ |
rescuegrass |
|
Buchloe |
dactyloides |
buffalograss |
|
Callirhoe |
involucrata, v. involucrata |
winecup (e, m) |
|
Callirhoe |
involucrata, v. lineariloba |
cowboy rose (e, m) |
|
Calylophus |
hartwegii fendleri* |
Hartweg's evening primrose |
|
Calylophus |
hartwegii pubescens |
Hartweg's evening primrose |
|
Calylophus |
lavandulifolius |
lavender leaf evening primrose |
|
Calylophus |
serrulatus |
plains yellow evening primrose |
|
Camelina |
microcarpa+ |
small-seeded false flax |
|
Campsis |
radicans |
trumpet vine (20th century introduction) |
|
Capsella |
bursa-pastoris+ |
common shepherd's purse |
|
Carex |
austrina |
southern sedge (f) (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Carex |
bulbostylis |
eastern narrowleaf sedge (f) (disjunct-W of range) |
|
Carex |
gravida |
heavy sedge (f) |
|
Carya |
illinoiensis |
pecan (probable 20th century introduction) |
|
Castilleja |
purpurea, v. citrina |
citrin paintbrush |
|
Castilleja |
sessiliflora |
downy paintbrush |
|
Catalpa |
speciosa |
northern catalpa (W edge of range) |
|
Ceanothus |
herbaceus |
inland New Jersey tea (e, m) |
|
Celastrus |
scandens |
American bittersweet (m) |
|
Celtis |
laevigata |
sugarberry (e) |
|
Celtis |
reticulata |
netleaf hackberry (e, f) |
|
Cenchrus |
spinifex |
coastal sandbur |
|
Centaurea |
americana |
basketflower |
|
Cephalanthus |
occidentalis |
buttonbush (m) |
|
Chaetopappa |
ericoides |
rose heath |
|
Chamaecrista |
fasciculata |
showy partridge pea (e) |
|
Chamaesaracha |
coniodes |
dusty false nightshade |
|
Chamaesyce |
fendleri |
Fendler's mat spurge |
|
Chamaesyce |
geyeri |
Geyer's mat spurge |
|
Chamaesyce |
glyptosperma |
ridgeseed mat spurge |
|
Chamaesyce |
maculata |
spotted mat spurge |
|
Chamaesyce |
missurica |
prairie mat spurge |
|
Chamaesyce |
nutans |
nodding mat spurge (eyebane) (W edge of range) |
|
Chamaesyce |
prostrata |
ground spurge |
|
Chenopodium |
berlandieri |
pitseed goosefoot (e, f) |
|
Chenopodium |
glaucum+ |
oakleaf goosefoot |
|
Chenopodium |
missouriense* |
Missouri goosefoot (e, f) |
|
Chenopodium |
pratericola |
western goosefoot (e, f) |
|
Chenopodium |
simplex |
mapleleaf goosefoot (e, f) |
|
Chenopodium |
standleyanum |
Standley's goosefoot (e, f) |
|
Chloris |
verticillata |
windmill grass |
|
Cirsium |
ochrocentrum |
yellowspine thistle (e, m) |
|
Cirsium |
undulatum |
wavyleaf thistle (e, m) |
|
Cocculus |
carolinus |
Carolina coralbead (W edge of range) |
|
Comandra |
umbellata pallida |
pale bastard toadflax (e) |
|
Commelina |
erecta, v. angustifolia |
slender dayflower |
|
Convolvulus |
equitans |
gray bindweed |
|
Conyza |
canadensis |
tall horseweed (m) |
|
Cornus |
drummondii |
roughleaf dogwood (d, f, arrow shafts) |
|
Corydalis |
aurea occidentalis |
golden fumewort |
|
Coryphantha |
vivipara, v. vivipara |
pincushion cactus (e) |
|
Croptilon |
hookerianum, v. validum |
slender goldenweed |
|
Croton |
glandulosus, v. lindheimeri |
tropic croton |
|
Croton |
monanthogynus |
one-seeded croton |
|
Croton |
texensis |
Texas croton (m) |
|
Cucurbita |
foetidissima |
buffalo gourd (c, e, m) |
|
Cycloloma |
atriplicifolium |
tumble ringwing |
|
Cymopterus |
macrorhizus |
bigroot spring parsley |
|
Cynodon |
dactylon+ |
bermudagrass |
|
Cyperus |
acuminatus |
tapeleaf flatsedge (e) (disjunct-S of range) |
|
Cyperus |
lupulinus lupulinus |
Houghton flatsedge (e) (disjunct-S of range) |
|
Cyperus |
x mesochorea |
midland flatsedge (f) |
|
Cyperus |
odoratus |
fragrant flatsedge |
|
Cyperus |
schweinitzii |
Schweinitz' flatsedge (e) |
|
Cuscuta |
cuspidata |
cusp dodder (d) |
|
Dalea |
aurea |
golden prairie clover (m) |
|
Dalea |
candida v. oligophylla |
white prairie clover (e, m) |
|
Dalea |
enneandra |
nine-anther prairie clover (m) |
|
Dalea |
purpurea, v. arenicola |
purple prairie clover (e, m) |
|
Dalea |
purpurea, v. purpurea |
purple prairie clover (e, m) |
|
Dalea |
villosa, v. villosa |
silky prairie clover (m) |
|
Datura |
inoxia |
sacred datura (jimsonweed) (m, r) |
|
Delphinium |
carolinianum virescens |
prairie larkspur |
|
Descurainia |
pinnata halictorum |
tansy mustard (e) |
|
Desmanthus |
illinoensis |
Illinois bundleflower (m) |
|
Desmodium |
illinoense |
Illinois tickclover |
|
Desmodium |
sessilifolium |
sessile-leaf tickclover |
|
Digitaria |
cognata cognata |
fall witch grass |
|
Digitaria |
sanguinalis+ |
hairy crabgrass |
|
Dimorphocarpa |
candicans |
Palmer's spectacle pod |
|
Diospyros |
virginianus |
common persimmon (e) (W edge of range-disjunct?) |
|
Draba |
reptans |
white whitlowort |
|
Dyssodia |
papposa |
prairie fetid marigold (m) |
|
Echinacea |
angustifolia, v. angustifolia |
narrowleaf purple coneflower (m) |
|
Echinocereus |
reichenbachii, v. reichenbachii |
lace hedgehog cactus |
|
Echinochloa |
muricata, v. microstachya |
rough barnyard grass (e) |
|
Echinochloa |
muricata, v. muricata |
barnyard grass (e) (disjunct-SW of range) |
|
Echinodorus |
berteroi |
upright burhead |
|
Eclipta |
prostrata |